What characterizes healthy gingiva?

Healthy gingiva is characterized by a smooth appearance and firmness. This indicates that the tissues are well-vascularized and have a proper attachment to the underlying bone, which is essential for maintaining dental health. When gums are firm, it shows they are healthy and not inflamed, which is a key factor in preventing periodontal diseases. The smooth surface of healthy gums also reflects a lack of plaque or calculus buildup, which can irritate the tissues and lead to inflammation.

In contrast, characteristics such as a pale yellow color, soft and spongy texture, or bleeding during brushing are indicative of unhealthy gingiva. A pale yellow color might suggest a lack of blood flow or could be a sign of other oral health issues. A soft and spongy texture often signals inflammation or gingivitis, where the firmness is compromised. Bleeding during brushing typically signifies gingival problems, such as inflammation, indicating that the tissues are not in a healthy condition.