What happens to alveolar bone if a tooth is extracted?

When a tooth is extracted, the alveolar bone, which supports the tooth root, undergoes a process known as resorption. This occurs because the mechanical loading and stimulation that the tooth provided to the bone are no longer present. The absence of this stimulation leads to a decrease in bone density and volume over time.

Resorption involves the breakdown of the bone tissue by osteoclasts, which are cells responsible for bone resorption. As the bone structures lose their functional significance once the tooth is gone, there is a natural biological process that leads to a decrease in bone mass. This can result in a thinner and less dense alveolar ridge, potentially affecting future dental treatments such as implant placements.

In contrast, the other options propose changes that do not align with what actually occurs following a tooth extraction. The bone does not increase in density, become thicker, or transform into soft tissue in this scenario. Understanding the process of alveolar bone resorption following tooth extraction is crucial for dental professionals when planning for potential restorative options or implants.