What is calculus in dental terms?

In dental terminology, calculus refers to hardened plaque that has undergone mineralization due to the components in saliva. This process occurs when plaque, a soft, sticky film containing bacteria, is not removed from the teeth through regular brushing and dental care. Over time, minerals from the saliva seep into the plaque, causing it to harden and form calculus, also known as tartar.

This hardened material adheres firmly to the teeth, making it difficult to remove without professional dental cleaning. Calculus can lead to gum disease and other dental issues if not addressed, as it provides a rough surface for further plaque accumulation and promotes bacterial growth. Understanding this definition helps in recognizing the importance of maintaining proper oral hygiene to prevent the formation of calculus.